Fatelessnesss: Chapter 2

1.-Annnamarie, the mother, and the sisters were mentioned in chapter 1 but really come into the story in chapter 2. 2.-  A.- Uncle Lajos page 29

"Uncle Lajos then drew me aside to exchange a few words of a more serious nature, among wich he exhorted me not to forget that whn I was at the workplace I was not representing  myself alone but" the entire Jewish Community" B)Annamarie page 39 "after some more time, she was even willing to go and look at the fish with me, and by the time we returned tot he other room, we had completely patched things up. Later on that evening, she made one more remark about it all: "The was our first quarrel", she said." 3-. Narrative, First person:

"For all that I still climbed onto the rearmost platform of the last car of the streetcar as usual, in compliance with the pertinent regulation."

4-. Takes place in the Jewish community in Budapest, especially in the house of the protagonist and their neighbours houses. 

1. 1.     What political message(s) are these pictures trying to convey? 
   The pictures show how Nazi's ideology, was trying to spread                                   through Europe, Like in the first photo, Hitler tries to "grow" his ideology through Europe
   2.    What image of Germans are these pictures trying to convey? 
   The pictures show which was the perception of Hitler and what he wanted to do to the Europe, that he wanted only Aryan race people, which are the original Germans.
   3.    How do they portray this image? 
   In my opinion Hitler is planting the future, as he in the future will be still the leader of all Europe and not only Germany.
   4.     What colors are used?
   They use colors as yellow and red, these colors catch audience’s attention.
   5.    How do the people look?
   In the case of people of the Nazi's side, they look happy. But the victims look very sad
   6.    What characteristics of these men are similar?
   Some people look serious, others look happy and Hitler looks intimidating.
   
   
   7.    How do the artists convey these characteristics? 
   They use special colours witch attract the audience’s attention. Also they insert political figures to gain power, and also Aryan class people witch show how people should be.

German Nazi occupied Europe

By World War II, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been forced to sell out to the Nazi-German government as part of the "Aryanization" policy inaugurated in 1937. As the war started, large massacres of Jews took place. Pogroms (racial riots) were also encouraged by the Nazis, especially early in the war before the larger mass killings began.

The first of these pogroms was Kristallnacht in Nazi Germany, often called Pogromnacht, or "night of broken glass," in which Jewish homes were ransacked in numerous German cities along with 11,000 Jewish shops, towns and villages, as civilians and SA stormtroopers destroyed buildings with sledgehammers, leaving the streets covered in smashed windows — the origin of the name "Night of Broken Glass." Jews were beaten to death; 30,000 Jewish men were taken to concentration camps; and 1,668 synagogues ransacked with 267 set on fire. In the city of Lviv, Ukrainian nationalists organized two large pogroms in July, 1941, in which around 6,000 Jews were murdered.

In Lithuania, anti-Soviet partisan groups engaged in anti-Jewish pogroms on July 25 and 26, 1941, before Nazi forces even arrived, killing about 3,800 Jews and burning synagogues and Jewish shops. Perhaps the deadliest of these Holocaust-era pogroms was the Iaşi pogrom in Romania, in which as many as 14,000 Jews were killed by Romanian citizens, police, and military officials.

By December 1941, Adolf Hitler decided to completely exterminate European Jews. In January 1942, during the Wannsee conference, several Nazi leaders discussed the details of the "Final Solution of the Jewish question" (Endlösung der Judenfrage). Dr. Josef Bühler urged Reinhard Heydrich to proceed with the "Final Solution" in the General Government. They began to systematically deport Jewish populations from the ghettos and all occupied territories to the seven camps designated as Vernichtungslager, or extermination camps: Auschwitz, Birkenau was the Extermination Camp site. Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibór and Treblinka II. Sebastian Haffner published the analysis in 1978 that Hitler from December 1941 accepted the failure of his goal to dominate Europe forever on his declaration of war against the United States, but that his withdrawal and apparent calm thereafter was sustained by the achievement of his second goal—the extermination of the Jews.

Even as the German Nazi war machine faltered in the last years of the war, precious military resources such as fuel, transport, munitions, soldiers, and industrial resources were still being heavily diverted away from the war and towards the death camps. By the end of the war, much of the Jewish population of Europe had been killed in the Holocaust. Poland, home of the largest Jewish community in the world before the war, had over 90% of its Jewish population, or about 3,000,000 Jews, murdered by the Nazis. Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary,Lithuania, Bohemia, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Latvia each had over 70% of their Jewish population killed.

Belgium, Romania, Luxembourg, Norway, and Estonia lost around half of their Jewish population, the Soviet Union lost over one third of its Jews, and even countries such as France and Italy each saw around a quarter of their Jewish population killed. During the war, Spain became an unlikely haven for several thousand Jews. They were mainly from Western Europe, fleeing deportation to concentration camps from occupied France, but also Sephardic Jews from Eastern Europe, especially in Hungary. Trudy Alexy refers to the "absurdity" and "paradox of refugees fleeing the Nazis' Final Solution to seek asylum in a country where no Jews had been allowed to live openly as Jews for over four centuries." 

Refugee Blues, wwII Poetry

1.    As you read in the introduction, the poem was written half a year before the outbreak of World War II. However, the reader can pinpoint the three major protagonists whose paths will cross tragically in the course of the war. Complete the following sentences:

a.    The victims are the: Jews,

b.    The perpetrators are the: Hitler, and his army

c.    The bystanders are the: German People

2.    What particular factors led an individual to be defined as belonging to this or that group?

The social background, religious believes, nationality

3.    Of the three groups, which was the largest? Is their any connection between your answer and the term ‘The Silent Majority’?

Bystanders were the largest group, which were the silent majority

4.    What possible relationships could have developed between the victims and the bystanders?

In my opinion they didn’t have possibilities to have relationship because the army didn’t let the Germans and Jews talk between each other’s and communicate.

5.    Auden presents different situations in which prohibitions against the victims multiply and effectively turn them into refugees. Identify and list some of these prohibitions. What does it mean to have these things taken away from you?

a)    Couldn’t have their passport renew

b)    They didn’t have homes

c)    They couldn’t live in the country

6.    State bureaucracies are crucial in the lives of ordinary citizens, not to mention threatened population groups like the homeless or people evicted from their homes. Identify the different functionaries or objects that represent bureaucracies for Auden.

Politicians and old passports

7.    In your opinion, who is a refugee? Can one become a refugee in one’s own home?

A refugee is a person who is outside of their country od origin because they suffered a persecution. A refugee can’t be in their own home because a refugee needs to leave the place they live in because they suffer of a persecution because of their race, religion, etc.

8.    How can state bureaucracies help refugees or hinder efforts to help?

Give them a place where to eat ad make sure they are not being persecuted because of their race, religion, country, etc.

9.    In your opinion, should governments today have the responsibility to take care of refugees in their country?
Alternatively, what is the role of society in absorbing refugees? Think of schools, sports clubs, the scout movement and other organizations in your country´

The governments have the responsibility to take care of refugees because they are people which are in danger of getting hurt or probably die. Society should absorb refugees in their life as they really are the same as us.